Arthur Twining Hadley
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Arthur Twining Hadley (, ; April 23, 1856 – March 6, 1930) was an American economist who served as
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of
Yale University Yale University is a private research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Established in 1701 as the Collegiate School, it is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and among the most prestigious in the wo ...
from 1899 to 1921.


Biography

He was born in
New Haven, Connecticut New Haven is a city in the U.S. state of Connecticut. It is located on New Haven Harbor on the northern shore of Long Island Sound in New Haven County, Connecticut and is part of the New York City metropolitan area. With a population of 134,02 ...
, the son of James Hadley, Professor of Greek at Yale 1851–1872, and his wife, née Anne Loring Morris. He graduated from Yale College in 1876, where he was a member of DKE and
Skull and Bones Skull and Bones, also known as The Order, Order 322 or The Brotherhood of Death, is an undergraduate senior secret student society at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. The oldest senior class society at the university, Skull and Bone ...
, and received prizes in English,
classics Classics or classical studies is the study of classical antiquity. In the Western world, classics traditionally refers to the study of Classical Greek and Roman literature and their related original languages, Ancient Greek and Latin. Classics ...
and
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. He then studied
political science Political science is the scientific study of politics. It is a social science dealing with systems of governance and power, and the analysis of political activities, political thought, political behavior, and associated constitutions and la ...
at Yale (1876–1877), and at the
University of Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (german: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, abbreviated HU Berlin) is a German public research university in the central borough of Mitte in Berlin. It was established by Frederick William III on the initiative o ...
(1878–1879) under
Adolph Wagner Adolph Wagner (25 March 1835 – 8 November 1917) was a German economist and politician, a leading ''Kathedersozialist'' (academic socialist) and public finance scholar and advocate of agrarianism. Wagner's law of increasing state activity is ...
. He was a tutor at Yale in 1879–1883, instructor in political science in 1883–1886, professor of political science in 1886–1891, professor of political economy in 1891–1899, and first Dean of the
Graduate School Postgraduate or graduate education refers to Academic degree, academic or professional degrees, certificates, diplomas, or other qualifications pursued by higher education, post-secondary students who have earned an Undergraduate education, un ...
in 1892–1895. His course in economics became a favorite of undergraduates, and he wrote a classic study of the economics of railroad transportation. He became president of Yale in 1899—the first president who was not a minister—and guided it through a period of expansion and consolidation.''Obituary Record of Graduates of Yale University'', 1929–30, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, pp. 52–7. He married Helen Harrison Morris on June 30, 1891, daughter of
Luzon Buritt Morris Luzon Buritt Morris (April 16, 1827 – August 22, 1895) was an American lawyer and politician from Connecticut. He served as the 55th governor of Connecticut. Biography Morris was born in Newtown, Connecticut. He prepared for college at the C ...
, who was to become Governor of Connecticut in 1893. They had two sons, Morris and Hamilton, and one daughter, Laura. He was commissioner of the Connecticut bureau of labor statistics in 1885–1887. As an economist he first became widely known through his investigation of the railway question and his study of railway rates, which antedated the popular excitement as to rebates. His ''Railroad Transportation, Its History and Laws'' (1885) became a standard work, and appeared in Russian (1886) and French (1887). He testified as an expert on transportation before the
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which drew up the Interstate Commerce Law, and wrote on railways and transportation for the Ninth and Tenth Editions (of which he was one of the editors) of the ''
Encyclopædia Britannica The (Latin for "British Encyclopædia") is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia. It is published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.; the company has existed since the 18th century, although it has changed ownership various time ...
''. He wrote for Lalor's ''
Cyclopaedia of Political Science, Political Economy, and the Political History of the United States ''The Cyclopaedia of Political Science, Political Economy, and the Political History of the United States by the Best American and European Writers'' was an encyclopedia edited by John Joseph Lalor, first published in New York City in 1881 by May ...
'' (3 vols., 1881–1884), for ''The American Railway'' (1888), and for ''
The Railroad Gazette ''Railroad Gazette'' was a trade journal first published in April 1856 that focused on railroad, transportation and engineering topics. Master mechanics read and used the publication to share information about railway matters with one another. ...
'' in 1884–1891, and for other periodicals. His idea of the broad scope of economic science, especially of the place of ethics in relation to political economy and business, is expressed in his writings and public addresses. In 1907–1908 he was Theodore Roosevelt Professor of American History and Institutions at
Frederick William University Friedrich Wilhelm University (German: ''Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität'') may refer to: * Humboldt University of Berlin, called ''Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität'' from 1828 to 1949, and sometimes known in English as Frederick William University * ...
. In 1902, he was elected as a member to the
American Philosophical Society The American Philosophical Society (APS), founded in 1743 in Philadelphia, is a scholarly organization that promotes knowledge in the sciences and humanities through research, professional meetings, publications, library resources, and communit ...
. He was elected a director of the
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in 1913. In 1914 he lectured at the
University of Oxford , mottoeng = The Lord is my light , established = , endowment = £6.1 billion (including colleges) (2019) , budget = £2.145 billion (2019–20) , chancellor ...
on “Institutions of the United States.” In 1915 he evoked considerable discussion in the
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by declaring that young men who looked forward to a political career should have private means so as to avoid pecuniary temptations. In 1915 he endorsed college military camps and favored counting military training for a degree. After his retirement, he and his wife went on a world cruise, visiting Europe, India, and China. As the ship was approaching Japan, Hadley contracted pneumonia and died on shipboard, and the body was prepared in Japan for return to New Haven and interment in
Grove Street Cemetery Grove Street Cemetery or Grove Street Burial Ground is a cemetery in New Haven, Connecticut, that is surrounded by the Yale University campus. It was organized in 1796 as the New Haven Burying Ground and incorporated in October 1797 to replace the ...
. When the coffin was opened prior to burial, Hadley was clothed in a yellow Japanese kimono with a samurai sword placed alongside. Grove Street Cemetery's
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gateway is inscribed ''The Dead Shall Be Raised'', and most Yale presidents since it was built—and Hadley was no exception—have at some point quipped that the dead would most certainly be raised if Yale needs the land. Most are now buried there.


Works

In his books, he endeavored to utilize the results of economic and political history as a basis for a working system of
ethics Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that "involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior".''Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy'' The field of ethics, along with aesthetics, concerns m ...
for a democracy like that of the
United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
. Among his works are: *''Railroad Transportation, Its History and Laws'' (see notice above; 1885) *''Report on the Labor Question'' (1885) *''Economics, an Account of the Relations between Private Property and Public Welfare'' (1896) *''The Education of the American Citizen'' (1901) *''Freedom and Responsibility'' (1903) *''Baccalaureate Addresses'' (1907) *''Standards of Public Morality'' (1907) *''Some Influences in Modern Philosophic Thought'' (1913) *''Undercurrents in American Politics'' (1915) *''The Moral Basis of Democracy'' (1919)


Notes


References

* * Kelley, Brooks Mather (1999)
''Yale: A History''
New Haven: Yale University Press. . .


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Hadley, Arthur Twining 1856 births 1930 deaths Burials at Grove Street Cemetery Contributors to the Encyclopædia Britannica Humboldt University of Berlin faculty Presidents of the American Economic Association Presidents of Yale University Yale College alumni Yale University faculty Corresponding Fellows of the British Academy